Thai is a tonal language, and the script gives full information on the tones. Duplicate consonants either correspond to sounds that existed in Old Thai at the time the alphabet was created but no longer exist (in particular, voiced obstruents such as b d g v z), or different Sanskrit and Pali consonants pronounced identically in Thai. The Unicode block for Thai is U+0E00–U+0E7F. the third one helps to defeat enemies. Equivalents for romanisation are shown in the table below. Thai characters can be typed using the Kedmanee layout and the Pattachote layout. Thai Tattoo .. Once you understand the meaning of flowers, you can start experimenting with different flower content to let your loved one know exactly how you feel about them. To indicate another person, Thais will lift their chin slightly in their direction. There are a few exceptions in Pali loanwords, where the inherent vowel of an open syllable is /o/. Occult symbols are fast replacing Christian symbols in our culture. Find out how this came to be. If it is bending in one direction, it actually means the direction of life – if it’s spinning in another direction, it actually means the direction of death. A child’s “kwan,” or individual spirit, is not strong enough to be touched, and some Thais believe the child could become ill or experience nightmares if this taboo is broken. Although the overall 44 Thai consonants provide 21 sounds in case of initials, the case for finals is different. Thais expect others to take the time to respectfully hand items over properly, either with both hands or with the right hand. As the King’s image appears on all Thai Baht, tossing or stepping on money is viewed as extremely disrespectful and any accident should include a quick khaaw tho, or “pardon me!”. Tea Leaf Symbols & Meanings. In modern Thai, the distinction between the three high-class consonants has been lost and all three are pronounced 'sà'; however, foreign words with an sh-sound may still be transcribed as if the Sanskrit values still hold (e.g., ang-grit อังกฤษ for English instead of อังกฤส). When writing Pali, only 33 consonants and 12 vowels are used. As a symbol, the lotus flower generally represents the wakefulness and … The Arabic word for five, Hamsa with the evil eye is the sign of protection. People also love these ideas-Pinterest. Tattoos are considered spiritual in Thailand. Each Sak Yant symbol represents a unique set of qualities that derives from a Buddhist tradition. When presenting or receiving things, like money, gifts, food, or business cards, it is respectful to exchange items using two hands, especially with someone you’ve just met or is older than you. Thai Tattoo. There are in addition four consonant-vowel combination characters not included in the tally of 44. Traditionally Thais would walk lightly to ensure longer-lasting bamboo floors, and today it is still customary to be "light on your feet", Pointing or summoning with the index finger is extremely uncommon among Thais, Giving the "thumbs up" is no longer a real faux paus in Thailand, but kids will still use it cheekily to convey its former offensive tone, Tossing or throwing objects could mean disrespect, especially with money. As alphabetical entries, ฤ ฤๅ follow ร, and themselves can be read as a combination of consonant and vowel, equivalent to รึ (short), and รือ (long) (and the obsolete pair as ลึ, ลือ), respectively. For example, ถนน transcribes /tʰànǒn/ "road". Thailand’s moniker as “the land of smiles” is no happy accident – the smile is ubiquitous to Thai culture and itself can convey a whole array of unspoken cues. Sustainability. Learn about traditional Sak Yant tattoo designs: five lines, twin tigers, nine peaks, eight directions and more This stems from a major change (a, Thai borrowed a large number of words from. Muay Thai Tattoos – Sak Yant: The mystical symbols. Chang, meaning elephant, is Thailand’s national animal. While the gesture has more or less evolved to its more international meaning among Thai adults, children will still use it to tease one another or get away with non-verbally communicating something rude behind their parents or teachers’ back. As such, pointing your feet at another person or sacred item – such as a statue of the Buddha – is considered extremely disrespectful. 31 Spiritual Symbols and Meanings. The table gives the Thai value first, and then the IAST value in square brackets. For example, สุวรรณภูมิ is romanised as Suvarnabhumi, but pronounced su-wan-na-phum. the sixth one grants the invincibility. Thai is considered to be the first script in the world that invented tone markers to indicate distinctive tones,which are lacking in the Mon-Khmer (Austroasiatic languages) and Indo-Aryan languages from which its script is derived. ๆ Repetition The repetition character indicates a repetition of the previous word. Nasalisation does not occur in Thai, therefore, a nasal stop is always substituted: e.g. [6] Also, neither of these two letters correspond to a Sanskrit or Pali letter, and each of them, being a modified form of the letter that precedes it (compare ข and ค), has the same pronunciation and the same consonant class as the preceding letter (somewhat like the European long s). Aries Symbol (21 March - 19 April) Aries, also known as the Ram, is represented by a V, … Royal Thai General System of Transcription, International Organization for Standardization, Learn how and when to remove this template message, "Thai orthography and the history of marking tone", "Standardization and Implementations of Thai Language", National Electronics and Computer Technology Center, Comprehensive free Thai alphabet resource, Comparing Thai script with Devanagari, Khmer, Burmese, and Tai Tham, Phonetic Organization of the Thai Consonants, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thai_script&oldid=1006342547, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from October 2019, All articles needing additional references, Articles needing additional references from November 2019, Articles needing additional references from December 2007, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Can be approximated by pronouncing the oo in "look" with unrounded lips, Can be approximated by pronouncing the oo in RP "goose" with unrounded lips. Independent vowels are used when a syllable starts with a vowel sign. For more precise information, an equivalent from the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) is given as well. The animal was so revered and respected, it was even on the Siamese flag until the early 1900s. What do they mean? Yant’s and Thier Meanings. National symbols of Thailand are the symbols that are used in Thailand to represent what is unique about the nation, reflecting different aspects of its cultural life, history and biodiversity. or the lighting bolt? A traditional Thai tattoo symbols and patterns. Pointing solely with the index finger, common among Western cultures, is used only during an argument. Traditionally, this method could have been important to help make wooden and bamboo floors last longer and while today it is not as scrutinized, humble and peaceful steps are valued among members of Thai society. Aum (Om) Symbol. Sak Yant designs & meanings. Sariga Koo Yant. The following is an alphabetized list of Tea Leaf Symbols and their meaning. Tattoos. Moreover, ฤ can act as ริ as an integral part in many words mostly borrowed from Sanskrit such as กฤษณะ (kritsana, not kruetsana), ฤทธิ์ (rit, not ruet), and กฤษดา (kritsada, not kruetsada), for example. The Thai script (like all Indic scripts) uses a number of modifications to write Sanskrit and related languages (in particular, Pali). Thai script was added to the Unicode Standard in October 1991 with the release of version 1.0. There are various issues: Thai letters do not have small and capital forms like the Roman alphabet. High and low class consonants are limited to mai ek and mai tho, as shown in the Tone table. Now, let us discuss some of these symbols and their meanings. Here are some of the most inspiring buddhist symbols and their meaning. The circumfix vowels, such as เ–าะ /ɔʔ/, encompass a preceding consonant with an inherent vowel. Written in modern Thai orthography, this becomes อะระหัง สัมมาสัมพุทโธ ภะคะวา arahang sammasamphuttho phakhawa. Explore. The term Bodhi Tree is also widely applied to currently existing trees, particularly the Sacred Fig growing at the Mahabodhi Temple, which is a direct descendant of the original specimen. Article by Effective Muay Thai. Triangular Yant. Updated: 26 January 2021, 20:55. Like Sanskrit, Thai has no voiced sibilant (so no 'z' or 'zh'). Like Sanskrit, this letter may only be used to start a syllable, but may not end it. If you really want to learn how to read tea leaves, you need to take the time to study and understand the various symbols that you may see in the tea cup. Hamsa and evil eye – Protection from evil #1 Spiritual Symbol: Hamsa and the Evil Eye . This symbol is represented by an open right hand with an eye draw at the center. Tattoo designs can be inspired by symbols or icons, ... tattoos, or bamboo tattoos, an ancient form of tattooing similar to stick and poke tattoos nowadays mainly practiced in Thailand and Myanmar. Originally worn by Thai warriors, Sak Yant are magical symbols that are always made of the same basis : Yant and Unalome. Article from effectivemuaythai.com. Thailand enforces the world’s strictest lese majeste laws, which carry harsh penalties for any open disrespect toward the King or any member of the royal family – even his dog. The entries in columns initial and final indicate the pronunciation for that consonant in the corresponding positions in a syllable. Thailand’s Exofood Lab Is Taking Insect Cuisine To… February 7, 2021. Explore. Where the entry is '-', the consonant may not be used to close a syllable. There are a number of additional symbols only used to write Sanskrit or Pali, and not used in writing Thai. The celts had a lot of symbols in their lore, this page features some of the most popular knots, and symbols that the celtic people recognized and used in their symbolism. Dec 16, 2018 - Find out the meaning of Muay Thai Tattoo symbols. Round Yant. Thais are receptive to the Western practice of handshaking, and will often do so to make Westerners feel more comfortable, but a tradition that has permeated into all aspects of 21st century culture is the wai. It is a verbatim copy of the older TIS-620 character set which encodes the vowels เ, แ, โ, ใ and ไ before the consonants they follow, and thus Thai, Lao, Tai Viet and New Tai Lue are the only Brahmic scripts in Unicode that use visual order instead of logical order. The right side is the 富 – fù （a character) itself has the meanings of abundance and wealth. Jul 16, 2020 - A traditional Thai tattoo symbols and patterns. Unlike other places where tattoos are obtained based on the hype or trend, tattoos in Thailand are a form of protection to ward off evil spirit. The symbol for Air as one of the four classical elements in alchemy is a triangle … Flower Meanings by Color. Initial อ is silent and therefore considered as glottal plosive. Article from effectivemuaythai.com. Thai tattoo symbols are believed to be magic and grant spiritual powers and protection to those who have them. Article from effectivemuaythai.com. The Thai script (Thai: อักษรไทย, RTGS: akson thai) is the abugida used to write Thai, Southern Thai and many other languages spoken in Thailand. Art. Inserted sound(s) (เสียดแทรก siat saek) follow the semi-vowel ว in alphabetical order. The tattoos that the Thai people get look a bit different than the ones we are used to seeing. Most people want their tattoos to hold a special meaning. When you visit Thailand, you might notice people with a specific style of tattoo. on a map and a street sign) are actually the same. This is the phinthu, which is a solid dot (also called 'Bindu' in Sanskrit) below the consonant. Best Answer. A kho mut ๛ (Thai: โคมูตร) can be used to mark the end of a chapter or document. Because the Thai script is an abugida, a symbol (equivalent to virāma in devanagari) needs to be added to indicate that the implied vowel is not to be pronounced. Thai money itself denotes a certain amount of respect. Remember that in Thailand, the IAST values are never used in pronunciation, but only sometimes in transcriptions (with the diacritics omitted). Aug 7, 2013 - Explore Joyce Grover-Ellis's board "Native American Indian -- symbols", followed by 230 people on Pinterest. While adults in Thailand today have adopted its more international meaning of approval or a job well done, it’s still common for kids to exchange the gesture during a childish argument. This means that sara a (อะ) is never used when writing Pali, because it is always implied. It's safe to say most people have heard of henna tattoos, but how many people actually know more than a few basic facts about them?We're here to fix that. Art. Thus, modern Thai is said to have 42 consonants. The pronunciation below is indicated by the International Phonetic Alphabet[7] and the Romanisation according to the Royal Thai Institute as well as several variant Romanisations often encountered. Tossing any item – especially money – is considered extremely rude. This represents the retroflex liquid of Pali and Vedic Sanskrit, which does not exist in Classical Sanskrit. ฃ and ฅ are no longer used. For those who don't know anything about henna tattooing, it's an ancient practice that uses temporary brown dye rather than ink to create designs with significant and often spiritual meaning. However, they are widely accepted and used as symbols to recognize the practice of Buddhism. Explore. To aid learning, each consonant is traditionally associated with an acrophonic Thai word that either starts with the same sound, or features it prominently. Onk Pra. In the tables in this section, the Thai value (transliterated according to the Royal Thai system) of each letter is listed first, followed by the IAST value of each letter in square brackets. The National Flag of Thailand features five horizontal bands of red (top), white, blue (double width), white, and red. In the case of digraphs where a low class follows a higher class consonant, the higher class rules apply, but the marker, if used, goes over the low class one; accordingly, ห นำ ho nam and อ นำ o nam may be considered to be digraphs as such, as explained below the Tone table. In fact, the regulations actually give each symbol to a range of meanings. The white elephant (actually more pink in color) is a symbol of royalty in Thailand as well. The remaining 36 are grouped as following. For this reason, they were treated as voiceless unaspirated, and hence placed in the "middle" class; this was also the reason they were unaffected by the changes that devoiced most originally voiced stops. February 2, 2021. Many people like this one. Initial affricates and fricatives become final plosives. It also introduced tone marks. The following special symbols are used in Thai writing. Sometimes in order to shorten the length of the Agkara (khomlettering), the Yantmaster may prefer to use Numbers to represent the PraKataa (Mantra). Learn about traditional Sak Yant tattoo designs: five lines, twin tigers, nine peaks, eight directions and more Like modern Hindi, the voicing has disappeared, and the letter is now pronounced like English 'h'. 1. Celtic Symbols and Their Meanings. Pai-yan noi and angkhan diao share the same character. The two styles may form typographical ligatures, as in Devanagari. Spoken Southern Thai can have up to seven tones. Similarly, these symbols show the evolution of Buddhism in various cultures and countries. Nikkhahit นิคหิต occurs as part of the Thai vowels sara am อำ and sara ue อึ. Sometimes in order to shorten the length of the Agkara (khomlettering), the Yantmaster may prefer to use Numbers to represent the PraKataa (Mantra). . Argent (Silver or white) – Peace and sincerity 2. Unlike other places where tattoos are obtained based on the hype or trend, tattoos in Thailand are a form of protection to ward off evil spirit. You can even find Unalome drawn at the end of Pali phrases Sak Yant tattoos. The Half Moon Symbol to be seen above “Onk Pra” so often represents the Moon Illuminating the way for us in the Dark Hours. อ is a special case in that at the beginning of a word it is used as a. Jul 16, 2020 - A traditional Thai tattoo symbols and patterns. Sara a (–ะ) used in combination with other characters is called wisanchani. There are a lot of different types of Buddha statues meaning out there, with … See more ideas about thai tattoo, tattoos, sak yant tattoo. or the man with his leg bent and arms up? If a vowel has parts before and after the initial consonant, and the syllable starts with a consonant cluster, the split will go around the whole cluster. Regardless, Thais are not overly critical of foreigners making accidental faux paus during their exchange of wais, but will appreciate the effort taken to engage in the revered local custom. Along with the three-fingered salute, any political gathering of more than five people is strictly prohibited. Conversely, the head is the most sacred place on the human body and like many cultures of Southeast Asia, it is forbidden to touch someone on their head. For example, /pʰɔʔ/ is written เพาะ, and /tɕʰapʰɔʔ/ "only" is written เฉพาะ. Most Thais are familiar with the Western signal "okay," but be careful or you may get some laughter from children! Iranian relief artwork showing the sacrifice of a bull. The Footprint Of The Buddha. 1. In the velar series there is a /k/, /kʰ/ pair and in the postalveolar series the /tɕ/, /tɕʰ/ pair. In English this is translated to “9 peaks” or “9 spires” and refers to the 9 peaks in the design.. There are a number of reasons why this giant animal was chosen as Thailand’s national symbol, a key reason being that the Thai people celebrated the elephant’s incredible strength, durability, and longevity. So, while there is a clear distinction between ช and ฌ in Sanskrit, in Thai these two consonants are pronounced identically (including tone). The vowels used in Thai are identical to Sanskrit, with the exception of ฤ, ฤๅ, ฦ, and ฦๅ, which are read using their Thai values, not their Sanskrit values. [3] Another addition were consonant clusters that were written horizontally and contiguously, rather than writing the second consonant below the first one. ห, a high-class consonant, comes next in alphabetical order, but its low-class equivalent, ฮ, follows similar-appearing อ as the last letter of the Thai alphabet. Aug 27, 2020 - Find out the meaning of Muay Thai Tattoo symbols. ตํ taṃ, is pronounced as ตัง tang by Thai Sanskritists. When it occurs in Sanskrit, it is always the zero consonant and never the vowel o [ɔː]. many symbols which we encounter in the arts and in the history of ideas. Man, it has been said, is a symbolizing animal; it is evident that at no stage in the development of civilization has man been able to dispense with symbols. Semivowels (กึ่งสระ kueng sara) and liquids come in Thai alphabetical order after ม, the last of the plosives. The chart below describes the meanings of a few animistic symbols. Thai (along with its sister system, Lao) lacks conjunct consonants and independent vowels, while both designs are common among Brahmic scripts (e.g., Burmese and Balinese). Welcome to our celtic symbols page. The word ฤกษ์ (roek) is a unique case where ฤ is pronounced like เรอ. Nature. ศรีนครินทร์ is romanised as Srinagarindra but pronounced si-nakha-rin. So the meaning of this Kata (Mantra/Prayer) is “The triple jewel of Buddha, Dharma and Sangha”.There are also Yantra that use Numbers instead of Symbols to indicate the meaning. Learn about traditional Sak Yant tattoo designs: five lines, twin tigers, nine peaks, eight directions and more ๆ Repetition The repetition character indicates a repetition of the previous word. 10 Inspiring Buddhist Symbols. There is a fairly complex relationship between spelling and sound. So the meaning of this Kata (Mantra/Prayer) is “The triple jewel of Buddha, Dharma and Sangha”.There are also Yantra that use Numbers instead of Symbols to indicate the meaning. [2] The earliest attestation of the Thai script is the Ram Khamhaeng Inscription dated to 1292, however some scholars question its authenticity. Differing interpretations of the two marks or their absence allow low class consonants to spell tones not allowed for the corresponding high class consonant. The following special symbols are used in Thai writing. Saved from bangkok-ink.com. Sustainability. According to tradition it was created in 1283 by King Ramkhamhaeng the Great (Thai: พ่อขุนรามคำแหงมหาราช). A parasol is an umbrella which represents protection symbol from the sun, strength, … Search for ticker symbols for Stocks, Mutual Funds, ETFs, Indices and Futures on Yahoo! Thai symbol is a copy and paste text symbol that can be used in any desktop, web, or mobile applications. The lower curves of the letter ฐ are removed when certain letters are written below them, such as ฐ + the vowel mark ุ = ฐุ, etc. In the book and movie series, the salute is a symbol of rebellion against totalitarian rule, and Thai authorities had monitored its use as a symbol uniting anti-coup protesters before ultimately banning the gesture. Where a combination of consonants ends a written syllable, only the first is pronounced; possible closing consonant sounds are limited to 'k', 'm', 'n', 'ng', 'p' and 't'. Sanskrit and Pali are not tonal languages, but in Thailand, the Thai tones are used when reading these languages out loud. Zodiac Sign Symbols & Their Meanings. When the first Thai typewriter was developed by Edwin Hunter McFarland in 1892, there was simply no space for all characters, thus two had to be left out. These have changed use over time and are becoming uncommon. Discover what each one means and what the accompanying astrology sign represents. Christina . Body Art. Note how the conventional alphabetic order shown in the table above follows roughly the table below, reading the coloured blocks from right to left and top to bottom. This Frame Displays Objects Moving In Slow-Motion. Note how the consonant sounds in the table for initials collapse in the table for final sounds. Extra vowels are not distinct vowel sounds, but are symbols that represent certain vowel-consonant combinations. Without the yamakkan, this word would be pronounced pharahamana [barāhamaṇa] instead. In scripts with conjunct consonants, each consonant has two forms: base and conjoined. Once symbols of Buddhism, they are now also associated with simple aesthetics or Eastern philosophies and serenity. Some are fairly self-explanatory, but some are a little more confusing. Abugida used to write Thai, Southern Thai and many other languages spoken in Thailand. Generally, when such words are recited or read in public, they are pronounced as spelled. But these are by far not only decoration rather they are said to have magical powers that protect the carrier of the symbols. Other holy Bodhi trees which have a great significance in the history of Buddhism are the Anandabodhi tr… The Sanskrit unaspirated unvoiced plosives are pronounced as unaspirated unvoiced, whereas Sanskrit aspirated voiced plosives are pronounced as aspirated unvoiced. They are traditionally regarded as vowels, although some sources do not. To not return the wai is considered very impolite, only monks and the King do not have to return wais. The rules for denoting tones are shown in the following chart: "None", that is, no tone marker, is used with the base accent (พื้นเสียง, pheun siang). Explore. A single red rose denotes 'love at first sight' History of Flower Meanings. Yant’s and Thier Meanings. Flowers provided an incredibly nuanced form of communication. For example, the name of the letter ข is kho khai (ข ไข่), in which kho is the sound it represents, and khai (ไข่) is a word which starts with the same sound and means "egg". Pali is very closely related to Sanskrit and is the liturgical language of Thai Buddhism. Parasol. สํสฺกฺฤตา [saṃskṛta] is read as สันสกฤตา san-sa-krit-ta (The ส following the nikkhahit is a dental-class consonant, therefore the dental-class nasal stop น is used). These tattoos are not only based on symbols but they also contain a specific ‘magic spell’ embedded in them. They are thought to symbolize protection, good luck, strength, and success. Therefore, we encourage you to use this list to warn others, especially Christian children who intentionally wear and display them because they are popular. We and our partners use cookies to better understand your needs, improve performance and provide you with personalised content and advertisements. Yamakkan (ยามักการ) is an obsolete symbol used to mark the beginning of consonant clusters: e.g. This disjoint between transcription and spoken value explains the romanisation for Sanskrit names in Thailand that many foreigners find confusing. Waving flag of Thailand. Each vowel is shown in its correct position relative to a base consonant and sometimes a final consonant as well. Middle class consonants with a long vowel spell an additional four tones with one of four tone marks over the controlling consonant: mai ek, mai tho, mai tri, and mai chattawa. Therefore, 福 – fú is the ultimate good luck among Chinese symbols.This Chinese symbol is widely used for decorations and can be seen in almost every Chinese household during Chinese New Year and other big celebrations. Its use in Sanskrit is therefore to write vowels that cannot be otherwise written alone: e.g., อา or อี. Repeated words are often used to add emphasis or intensify the meaning. Twenty-one vowel symbol elements are traditionally named, which may appear alone or in combination to form compound symbols. [nb 1] Today, the class of a consonant without a tone mark, along with the short or long length of the accompanying vowel, determine the base accent (พื้นเสียง, pheun siang). Jul 16, 2020 - A traditional Thai tattoo symbols and patterns. Try and memorize as many as possible. Azure (Blue) – Truth and loyalty 3. Thai distinguishes among three voice/aspiration patterns for plosive consonants: Where English has only a distinction between the voiced, unaspirated /b/ and the unvoiced, aspirated /pʰ/, Thai distinguishes a third sound which is neither voiced nor aspirated, which occurs in English only as an allophone of /p/, approximately the sound of the p in "spin". the fifth one grants the loyalty of the others and desire to fight for you. So, come let’s explore the meaning and background of these 31 spiritual symbols. Sep 1, 2018 - Explore Joseph Nekaifes's board "Thai Tattoos" on Pinterest. Thai vowel sounds and diphthongs are written using a mixture of vowel symbols on a consonant base. This page is designed to give the reader some basic information about Yant designs and their meanings. The Sanskrit values are used in transliteration (without the diacritics), but these values are never actually used when Sanskrit is read out loud in Thailand. A more recent development in Thai non-verbal culture, Thailand’s military rulers are seeking to police the use of a three-fingered salute borrowed from the popular young adult series The Hunger Games. Learn about traditional Sak Yant tattoo designs: five lines, twin tigers, nine peaks, eight directions and more Many experts who have studied Celtic symbols and their meanings, claim that this symbol represents the five basic elements of the universe, namely fire, water, sun, earth, and air. Yant are prayers, written in either Pali, Khmer or Thai language. Only 8 ending consonant sounds, as well as no ending consonant sound, are available in Thai pronunciation. This symbol can appear as an imprint of one foot or both foot. It represents the sara a /a/ vowel in certain Sanskrit loanwords and appears as ◌รร◌. The small Circle (Sun Symbol) to be seen above many Yant means the Sun lighting way in the daytime; and that all Humans and Living beings exist under the influences of the stars and Planets, and that these forces enable us to develop and brings Changes. For numerals, mostly the standard Hindu-Arabic numerals (Thai: เลขฮินดูอารบิก, lek hindu arabik) are used, but Thai also has its own set of Thai numerals that are based on the Hindu-Arabic numeral system (Thai: เลขไทย, lek thai), which are mostly limited to government documents, election posters, license plates of military vehicles, and special entry prices for Thai nationals. This tree is a frequent destination for pilgrims, being the most important of the four main Buddhist pilgrimage sites. The red color symbolizes the nation and the blood of life. First of all the different tinctures (or colors) that are used on a coat of arms can mean different things about who they represent.The “fur” is a tincture consisting of a color set with a pattern of shapes. Likewise, the Thai phonemes do not differentiate between the retroflex and dental classes, because Thai has no retroflex consonants. According to some sources there are 13 different words in Thai for a smile, each attached to different situations ranging from teasing, admiration, disagreement, or politeness. Two consonant characters (not diacritics) are used to modify the tone: Some dialect where words are spelled with one tone but pronounced with another often occur in informal conversation (notably the pronouns ฉัน chan and เขา khao, which are both pronounced with a high tone rather than the rising tone indicated by the script).
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