For an animal bite, prescribing prophylactic antibiotics if a cat bite has broken the skin and the wound could be deep or a dog or other animal bite has penetrated vital tissues, caused significant tissue damage or is contaminated or involves high-risk areas of skin or the person is at risk of wound infections. Antibiotics also decreased the chance of developing a wound infection after a bite on the hand. Postexposure rabies prophylaxis is not recommended for the treatment of rat bites . Antibiotic prophylaxis remains controversial but is recommended for certain groups of patients and must cover common bite pathogens. Cover the wound with a sterile, non-adhesive dressing. Rat bites: fifty cases. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. One of the common questions after a dog bite is whether antibiotic prophylaxis is beneficial. Has broken the skin but not drawn blood. Data identification: Clinical trials were identified by a computerised literature search of MEDLINE and by an assessment of the bibliographies of published studies. All bites which affect underlying structures such as tendons, ligaments, joints or bones. The wound should be closely monitored. Antibiotic prophylaxis - when to prescribe. However, therapy is recommended for high-risk wounds (eg, cat bites that are a true puncture, bites … Other less common infections are possible such as rat-bite fever, leptospirosis, tularemia, and evaluation of post-exposure prophylaxis (anti-tetanus, anti-rabies, HIV, HBV) is essential. It can also occur through exposure to rat feces or urine. Antibiotic prophylaxis should be used for high-risk bite wounds (Table 1 10, 11, 16) and considered in average-risk wounds.9, 18, 19 Antibiotic Treatment of Dog and Cat Wounds To view a larger image on your device, please click or touch the image. Bites of squirrels, hamsters, guinea pigs, gerbils, chipmunks, rats, mice, other small rodents, rabbits and hares almost never require antirabies postexposure prophylaxis. Wild Norway and black rats (n=725) were trapped in Vancouver, Canada, and examined for bite wounds in the skin. Little evidence exists to support the routine use of antibiotics. Rates of serious adverse reactions to antibiotics can be difficult to estimate. If the wound is infected: Send a pus or deep wound swab for culture, before cleaning the wound (state on the form that the swab is from an infected animal bite). [] Reports estimate 4.5 million dog bites per year and approximately 800,000 receive medical attention. In general, low-risk wounds do not require prophylactic antibiotics. 21-day fever watch. Treat empirically with oral antibiotics… All apparently … Stomping and clapping can help scare a rat away from you. [] Do not offer antibiotic prophylaxis to people with a bite from a dog or other traditional pet (excluding cat bites) that: Has not broken the skin. Ordog GJ, Balasubramanium S, Wasserberger J. In 2016, there were approximately 60 million pet dogs and 47 million pet cats in the United States. All open wounds were cultured; bacterial isolates were cultured from 30% of wounds. Efficacy Endpoints: Proven bacterial infection plus positive microbiological cultures Harm Endpoints: Not reported Narrative: Mammals are known to harbor a variety of bacterial species in their oral cavities, and infections in mammalian bite wounds are both … As many as 10% of persons bitten by a rat who do not receive antibiotic prophylaxis develop rat-bite fever . First off, the best way to avoid getting a nasty rat bite is to avoid rats! However, the risk for sepsis is lifelong, with infections … There was a decrease in the risk of developing an infection after a human bite when given antibiotics. Australian antibiotic guideline recommendations for mammalian bites are shown in Table 2. Most cases of rat bite fever reported in the North American literature were caused by S moniliformis , the majority of which occured in laboratory workers, pet owners or people who lived in areas that were infested with rats.
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